• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Induction heating device (1) for heating a metal article (3) and comprising a support plate (2) with an upper surface for receiving the metal article (3), and a plurality of induction coils (7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12) which are arranged concentrically around an axis (XX°) and are provided at an underside of the support plate, each induction coil being connected to and selectively powered by a generator, characterized in that the device further comprises at least one temperature probe (5, 13) to be placed on the metal article during heating in order to monitor and control the heating of the article.
    公开号:NL2025149A
    申请号:NL2025149
    申请日:2020-03-17
    公开日:2020-11-27
    发明作者:Javier Herrera Caballero Alberto；Ramaker Ton；Spitzer Dave
    申请人:Skf Ab；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Induction heating device Technical field of the invention The present invention concerns an induction heating device comprising a plate and concentrically arranged induction coils for heating a metal article such as a rolling element bearing, a ring or a gear, by inducing eddy currents in the metal article.
    The invention also concerns a method to heat up a metal article with an induction heating device comprising a plate and concentrically arranged induction coils.
    Background Art EP 2728965A1 describes a known type of bearing induction heater comprising a closed magnetic core closed by a removeable closing voke, and around which a bearing to be heated is placed. Moreover, two temperature probes are used during a heating cycle; one temperature probe monitors the temperature of the inner ring of the bearing and the other temperature probe monitors the temperature of the outer ring of the bearing. The difference between the two temperatures triggers a switchover between a first portion of the heatmg cycle and a second portion of the heating cycle. The heating rate during the second portion is smaller than the one during the first portion.
    US 2018/0279421A1 describes another known type of bearing induction heater. The heater comprises a plate with an upper surface for receiving a side face of a bearmg to be heated. A plurality of concentrically arranged induction coils is provided at an underside of the support plate. A plurality of temperature sensors is arranged on the upper surface of the support plate at different radial distances from a central axis of the coils, each coil being associated with one or more temperature sensors.
    When a bearing comprising an inner ring and an outer ring is heated thanks to an induction heater, it is important that the difference of temperature between the inner and the outer rings doesn’t exceed a predetermined value. in order to avoid damage of the bearing.
    Furthermore, it is very important to not overshoot the target temperature, otherwise there is a high risk to damage some components, such as the lubricant or the seals of the bearings, which cannot withstand as high temperatures as metallic elements such as rings or rolling elements.
    With the induction heating devices known today, the fastest the metal article is heated, the more difficult it is to avoid this temperature overshooting problem.
    Improvements are therefore still possible.
    Summary of the invention It is an object of the present invention to provide an induction heating device for heating up a metal article with a side face. in particular a bearing having an inner ring and an outer ring.
    According to the invention, the induction heating device comprises a support plate with an upper surface for receiving the side face of the metal article.
    A plurality of concentrically arranged induction coils are provided at an underside of the support plate, and each induction coil is connected to and selectively powered by a generator.
    The device also comprises at least one temperature probe to be placed on the metal article during heating in order to monitor and control the heating of the article.
    According to other aspects of the invention which are advantageous, but not compulsory, such an induction heating device may incorporate one or several of the following features: - there 1s only one temperature probe; - there are two temperature probes; - the metal article is a bearing with an inner ring and an outer ring; - there is only one temperature probe and it is placed on an upper side face of the bearing; - there are two temperature probes, one is located on an upper side face of the inner ring, and the other one is located on an upper side face of the outer ring.
    It is another aspect of the invention to provide a method to heat up a metal article with an induction heating device according to the invention, the method comprising the following steps: - placing the metal article on the upper surface of the plate and the at least one temperature probe on the article; then - estimating the position of the metal article on the upper surface of the plate and estimating some dimensional characteristics of the article such as its center, its height and its mass: then - determining, based on these estimations, an initial heating strategy to be applied i.e. which coils to be powered and at which power level; then - starting the heating according to the initial heating strategy: then - using the measurements of the at least one temperature probe to better estimate the dimensional characteristics of the article, to measure the delay with which the temperature measured by the at least one temperature probe changes; and to analyze the speed of change (average acceleration of the temperature) to determine how much the temperature of the article will continue to rise once the heating process is stopped; then
    - optionally adjusting the parameters of the initial heating strategy based on the results obtained during the previous step: then
    - running a heating cycle so as to bring the article at the desired temperature.
    According to other aspects of the invention which are advantageous but not compulsory, such a method may incorporate one or several of the following features:
    - the heating cycle comprises the following successive steps:
    a) a determination step during which the full allowed power profile is used until the stabilization of the temperature speed, and during which an estimated end temperature is continuously calculated; then b) a main step during which the heating continues so as to try to maintain the maximum heating speed, but during which however the temperature speed is kept constant; then
    C) an approach step during which the heating power is gradually reduced until a predetermined minimum temperature speed 1s reached or the target temperature becomes very close, so as to limit the maximum absolute temperatures on the bottom of the article, and to reduce the difference of temperature between the top face and the bottom face, for each ring; then d) an equalization step during which the heating is stopped, and the measured and estimated temperatures converge to the target temperature until they reach the target temperature;
    - the method further comprises a successive standby step during which the heating is still stopped and one keeps monitoring the temperature of the bearing and the temperature change, until when either an operator stops the session or the bearing has cooled down by 10% from its target temperature, and a further successive reheat step during which heating is started again with first a full power is used until a substantial temperature rise is reached, and then a reduced amount of power is used, until the target temperature is reached again:
    - the method further comprises, once the target temperature has been reached at the end of the equalization step, a step during which the bearing is kept at the target temperature during a given period of time or until the user stops the heating session, and during which minimal heating is generated so as to compensate for the heat loss in the environment;
    - during heating, more energy is focused towards the center of the article.
    Thanks to the invention, it is possible to heat up a metal article rapidly and with no overshooting of the temperature to be reached and no damage of the article. Thanks to the invention, when a bearing with an inner ring and an outer ring is heated up; the difference of temperature between the inner and outer ring is kept below a safe value. Brief description of the drawings The present invention and its advantages will be better understood by studying the detailed description of specific embodiments given by way of non-limiting examples and illustrated by the appended drawings on which: - Figure 1 shows a first preferred embodiment of an induction heating device according to the invention; - Figure 2 shows the induction heating device of fig. 1 and its induction coils by transparency through the support plate; - Figure 3 shows a second preferred embodiment of an induction heating device according to the invention; - Figure 4 shows the induction heating device of fig. 3 and its induction coils by transparency through the support plate; - Figure 5 shows the different steps of a heating process according to the invention; and - Figure 6 shows an example of a heating cycle according to the invention. Detailed description Fig. 1 and 2 illustrate an induction heating device 1 comprising a support plate 2 with an upper surface for receiving a side face of a metal article 3. A plurality of concentrically arranged induction coils 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 are concentrically arranged around an axis XX’ and are provided at an underside of the support plate. Each induction coil is connected to and selectively powered by a generator. The induction coils are different in sizes and can deliver different maximum powers. A temperature probe 5 is placed on the metal article and is electrically connected to the heating device thanks to a wire 6.
    The temperature probe is used to monitor the heating of the metal article. The heating device further comprises a temperature indicator 4 which can selectively display the temperature measured by the probe or the desired temperature target at which it is desired to heat up the article.
    The metal article can be a bearing, a ring or a gear.
    If the article is a bearing with an inner ring and an outer ring, the temperature probe is preferably placed on an upper side face of the inner ring.
    5 The heating device also comprises an alternating current generator (not illustrated) to which each coil is connected. The generator is controlled by a control unit (not illustrated) which is configured to selectively power the coils and to determine the load on a coil when it is being powered.
    The control unit is programmed to execute a heating cycle that will raise the temperature of the bearing inner ring to a value that enables the bearing to be shrink-fitted onto a shaft via thermal expansion and contraction. Typically, the inner ring is heated to a temperature of around 110°C. The heating cycle includes induction heating of both the inner ring and the outer ring to prevent an excessive temperature difference between the bearing rings that could damage the bearing.
    The measurement of the temperature probe is fed to the control unit, and is used to control the heating of the metal article.
    Fig. 3 and 4 illustrate a second preferred embodiment of an induction heating device. Fig. 3 and 4 illustrate the same induction heating device as the one of fig. 1, but with two temperature probes 5, 13, each electrically connected to the induction device thanks to a wire 6, 14.
    The temperature probes are placed on the metal article.
    In case of a bearing with an inner ring and an outer ring, a first temperature probe 5 is placed on an upper side face of the inner ring, and a second temperature probe 13 is placed on an upper side face of the outer ring.
    The heating device further comprises a temperature indicator 4 which can selectively display the temperature measured by each probe or the temperature target at which it is desired to heat up the article.
    The induction heating device continuously monitors the temperature reading(s) during a heating cycle.
    We will now describe the method of heating up the metal article up until a target temperature with an induction heating device according to the invention.
    Figure 5 summarizes the various steps of the method.
    To start with, the metal article is placed on the upper surface of the plate, and the at least one temperature probe is placed on upper surface of the article.
    Then, an estimation of the position of the article on the upper surface of the plate and an estimation of some dimensional characteristics of the article are performed.
    This characterization is done through the mapping of energy that every coil demands. When the metal article is on the plate, the amount of current that the coils demand is different than when there is no metal article due to electromagnetic interaction. To be more accurate, the energy or current readings with the metal article in position are compared with calibrated readings obtained when no metal article is present on the plate. This comparison brings normalized readings, which eliminates internal losses and corrects for differences in coil dimensions.
    These normalized readings are further processed to correct the limitations of the hardware detecting strange situations. For example. when the metal article is a bearing comprising a metallic sealing shield which deters magnetic field, or when the article is very large or very small to be properly read by the most inner or most outer coil.
    The processing of these data, also called fingerprint analysis, leads to the determination of an extended fingerprint of the article from which can be estimated several dimensional characteristics of the metal article such as its center, its height and its mass. This is based on a statistical analysis using a large set of different metal articles.
    Based on these estimations, an initial heating strategy that will be used at the beginning of a heating cycle is determined. This initial heating strategy defines which coil or coils need to be powered and at which power level or power levels.
    In a successive step of the method, the heating of the article starts according to the initial heating strategy, and the measurements of the at least one temperature probe are used in order to improve the estimates on the dimensional characteristics of the article and to heat it up in a fast and accurate way. When the heating starts, one starts to measure the delay with which the temperature measured by the temperature probe on the upper surface of the article changes. This delay allows to correct the height estimation of the article, if needed.
    Furthermore, by analyzing the speed of change (average acceleration of the temperature), it is determined how much the temperature of the article will continue to rise due to the thermal inertia caused by internal heat conduction once the heating process is stopped. For example, if the average acceleration is very high, it means that one should stop powering the induction coils very early because after that the temperature will keep on increasing at a very high speed for a significant amount of time.
    Based on these measurements, the parameters used for the initial heating strategy are optionally adjusted, if needed, and stored in a heating strategy.
    Then, a heating cvcle according to that heating strategy is performed. This heating cycle consists of a succession of several steps as will now be explained.
    Figure 6 illustrates an example of heating cycle with these successive steps for heating a bearing with an induction heating device comprising two temperature probes. The bearing comprises an inner ring and an outer ring, each ring having two sides faces. The side face of the inner ring and the side face of the outer ring which are in contact with the upper surface of the support plate are called the bottom faces. The other side faces of the inner and outer rings are called the top faces.
    One temperature probe is positioned on the top face of the inner ring and the other temperature probe is positioned on the top face of the outer ring, as illustrated on figure 4.
    Furthermore, the temperature of the bottom faces of the inner and outer ring are estimated.
    During a first step called determination step, the full allowed power profile, as determined by the fingerprint analysis, is used. The actual heating delay is established and gradually adjusted, until the transition point is found. Additionally. a total acceleration is measured until the temperature speed stabilization point is reached. These measurements are then used together with the current temperature speed to continuously calculate an estimated end temperature, for when the heating process would need to stop due to reaching the target temperature.
    For the example illustrated on figure 6, for each ring, initially the temperature difference between the bottom and top faces rises quickly, but gradually starts to stabilize. Also, the temperature change increases almost linearly until the stabilization point.
    Then, a second step called main step starts when the temperature speed has stabilized and the stabilization point is reached. Heating continues so as to try to maintain the maximum heating speed, possibly corrected only if a ring bottom temperature is estimated to be too high. This is done using an estimate of a ring bottom temperature using the bearing characteristics and the applied average power.
    During the main stage, the temperature speed is kept globally constant, and the temperature difference between top and bottom side faces due to a constant applied power is mostly constant. The larger the temperature difference becomes between the bearing and the environment, the bigger the temperature loss becomes. Especially bearings with little mass can show this effect, but this 1s mostly negligible when comparing it to the heating speed that can be reached during the heating cycle. Using the established heating delay, average acceleration from the determination stage and the current temperature speed, an end temperature estimate is continuously calculated. This end temperature estimate is used both as a heating stop but also to determine when to proceed to the following step called approach step. When the heating is nearing its end goal, the heating goes into a ramp down stage or approach stage, where the heating power is gradually reduced until a predetermined minimum temperature speed is reached or the target temperature becomes very close. This approach stage has 2 goals, first it intends to limit the maximum absolute temperatures on the bottom of the bearing rings. The ramp down method is designed to keep a steady bottom temperature and slowly reduce the difference of temperature between the top face and the bottom face, for each ring. Besides the limited maximum temperatures in the bearing this has another intention.
    Figure 6 shows how the temperature speed starts declining in a mostly linear fashion. The temperature differences between top and bottom faces of both rings start to reduce and therefore the maximum temperature in the bearing workpiece keeps at a relative constant and stops rising. The top temperature starts to stabilize towards the intended target temperature.
    When the estimations for the bearing and the heating performance are sufficiently accurate the bearing is reaching its target near the end of the ramp down and heating is stopped. Then starts the next step called equalization step.
    During the equalization step, the measured and estimated temperatures converge to the same temperature, the target temperature. The bottom temperatures decrease while the top temperatures increase even though the heating has been stopped. This equalization step stops when the temperatures have all stabilized at the target temperature.
    At this point, the bearing is ready for being mounted safely. Indeed, when the bearing reaches the target temperature, the temperature is well distributed throughout the whole bearing, which will help for the mounting of the bearing on a shaft and will limit any mechanical stress from occurring. This reduces intemal slack from inner and outer rings and any balls or rollers in between.
    In an optional successive step called the standby step, one keeps monitoring the temperature of the bearing and the temperature change. We only transition when either the user stops the session or when the bearing has cooled down by 10% from its target temperature.
    Then, in another optional and successive step called the reheat step, still using all measured temperature behavior of the bearing, heating is started again in order to maintain the target temperature for the operator operating the heating device. During this step, full power is used until a substantial temperature rise is reached again and we then transition to the minimal heating stage until the target temperature is reached again.
    Alternatively, and also optionally, once the target temperature has been reached at the end of the equalization step. the method comprises a further step during which the bearing is kept at the target temperature during a given period of time or until the user stops the heating session. During that step, minimal heating is generated so as to compensate for the heat loss in the environment.
    In the example illustrated on figure 6, the target temperature has been set to 110 °C, and the maximum temperature on the bottom of the bearing has been restrained to a maximum value of 150 °C in order to not damage the bearing.
    At worst, the bottom to top delta temperature was about 90 degrees. Moreover, the maximum temperatures reached in the bearing are kept at acceptable values, and it is clearly visible that the temperatures have already equalized when the target temperature is reached. If we would have heated maximally until the target temperature we might have reached 200 degrees on the bottom of the bearing and we would have a large overshoot in temperature.
    Advantageously, the temperature analysis occurs during the complete heating process in order to improve the estimations.
    Advantageously, during heating, more energy is focused towards the inner ring of the bearing orthe center of the article. This makes the heating faster.
    Advantageously, when the article is a bearing with a cage. rolling elements or sealing shields, and when several coils are powered during the heating, the power of the central coil(s) is reduced in order to avoid the overheating of the cage, shields or rolling elements.
    If one coil is not powerful enough, although was estimated to be the best candidate to heat up the article, then another coil, which can provide a higher power thanks to a better electromagnetic coupling, is chosen to be powered.
    When the article is a bearing with an inner ring, an outer ring and rolling elements between the rings, the amount of energy delivered to the inner ring and the outer ring is such that the inner ring heats up faster than the outer ring. However, the temperature of the inner ring never exceeds the temperature of the outer ring by a predetermined value (typically between 20 and 40 °C), in order to ensure a tension free heating, in other words to make sure that the rolling elements are not compressed up to the point that they generate plastic deformations in the raceways of the rings.
    Thanks to the invention, it is possible to heat a metal article in a fast way and without damaging it. There is no overshooting of the target temperature at which the metal article is to be heated. Nomenclature XX axis 1 induction heating device 2 support plate 3 metal article, bearing 4 temperature indicator 5, 13 temperature probe 6, 14 wire
    7.8.9, 10, 11, 12 induction coil In the numbered clauses below, specific embodiments are described:
    1. Induction heating device (1) for heating a metal article (3) and comprising a support plate (2) with an upper surface for receiving a side face of the metal article (3). and a plurality of induction coils (7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12} which are arranged concentrically around an axis (XX) and are provided at an underside of the support plate, each induction coil being connected to and selectively powered by a generator, characterized in that the device further comprises at least one temperature probe (5, 13) to be placed on the metal article during heating in order to monitor and control the heating of the article.
    2. Induction heating device according to clause 1, characterized in that it comprises only one temperature probe.
    3. Induction heating device according to clauses 1, characterized in that it comprises two temperature probes.
    4. Induction heating device according to any clause 2, characterized in that the metal article is a bearing with an inner ring and an outer ring, and that the temperature probe is placed on an upper side face of the bearing.
    5. Induction heating device according to clause 3, characterized in that the metal article is a bearing with an inner ring and an outer ring, and that one temperature probe is placed on an upper side of the inner ring, and the other temperature probe is placed on an upper side of the outer ring.
    6. Method to heat up a metal article with an induction heating device according to one the previous clauses, the method comprising the following steps: - placing the metal article on the upper surface of the plate and the at least one temperature probe on the article; then - estimating the position of the metal article on the upper surface of the plate and estimating some dimensional characteristics of the article such as its center, its height and its mass; then - determining, based on these estimations, an initial heating strategy to be applied i.e. which coils to be powered and at which power level: then - starting the heating according to the initial heating strategy; then - using the measurements of the at least one temperature probes to better estimate the dimensional characteristics of the article, to measure the delay with which the temperature measured by the at least one temperature probe changes; and to analyze the speed of change (average acceleration of the temperature) to determine how much the temperature of the article will continue to rise once the heating process is stopped; then - optionally adjusting the parameters of the initial heating strategy based on the results obtained during the previous step; then - running a heating cycle so as to bring the article at the desired temperature.
    7. Method according to clause 6, characterized in that the heating cycle comprises the following successive steps: - a determination step during which the full allowed power profile is used until the stabilization of the temperature speed, and during which an estimated end temperature is continuously calculated; then
    - a main step during which the heating continues so as to try to maintain the maximum heating speed, but during which however the temperature speed is kept constant; then - an approach step during which the heating power is gradually reduced until a predetermined minimum temperature speed is reached or the target temperature becomes very close, so as to limit the maximum absolute temperatures on the bottom of the article, and to reduce the difference of temperature between the top face and the bottom face, for each ring: then - an equalization step during which the heating is stopped, and the measured and estimated temperatures converge to the target temperature until they reach the target temperature.
    8. Method according to clause 7. characterized in that it further comprises the following successive steps: - a standby step during which the heating is still stopped and one keeps monitoring the temperature of the bearing and the temperature change, until when either an operator stops the session or the bearing has cooled down by 10% from its target temperature, and - a reheat step during which heating is started again with first a full power is used until a substantial temperature rise is reached, and then a reduced amount of power is used, until the target temperature is reached again.
    9. Method according to clause 7, characterized in that it further comprises the following successive step: - the bearing is kept at the target temperature during a given period of time or until the user stops the heating session, so that during that phase, minimal heating is generated so as to compensate for the heat loss in the environment.
    10. Method according to any of the clause 6 to 9, characterized in that during heating, more energy Is focused towards the center of the article.
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    An induction heating device (1) for heating a metal object (3) and comprising a support plate (2) having a top surface for receiving a side surface of the metal object (3). and a plurality of induction coils (7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12) disposed concentrically about an axis (XX) and provided on an underside of the backing plate, each induction coil being connected to and selectively driven by a generator, characterized in that the device further comprises at least one temperature probe (5, 13) to be placed on the metal object during heating to monitor and control the heating of the object.
    [2]
    Induction heating device according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises only one temperature probe.
    [3]
    Induction heating device according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises two temperature probes.
    [4]
    Induction heating device according to claim 2, characterized in that the metal object is a bearing with an inner ring and an outer ring, and in that the temperature probe is placed on an upper side surface of the bearing.
    [5]
    Induction heating device according to claim 3, characterized in that the metal object is a bearing with an inner ring and an outer ring, and in that one temperature probe is placed on top of the inner ring. and the other temperature probe is placed on a top of the outer ring.
    [6]
    A method for heating a metal object with an induction heating device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the method comprises the following steps: - placing the metal object on the top surface of the plate and the at least one temperature probe on the object: then - estimating the position of the metal object on the top surface of the plate and estimating some dimensional properties of the object such as its center, its height and its mass; thereafter
    - determine, based on these estimates, an initial heating strategy to be applied, i.e. which coils to feed and at which power level; then - starting the heating according to the mitial heating strategy; then - using the measurements of the at least one temperature probe to better estimate the S measure properties of the object, to measure the delay with which the temperature measured by the at least one temperature probe changes; and to analyze the rate of change (average acceleration of the temperature) to determine how much the temperature of the object will continue to rise once the heating process has stopped; then - optionally adjusting the parameters of the initial heating strategy based on the results obtained during the previous step. then - performing a heating cycle to bring the object to the desired temperature.
    [7]
    A method according to claim 6, characterized in that the heating cycle comprises the following consecutive steps: - a determining step during which the fully permitted power profile is used until the stabilization of the temperature speed, and during which an estimated final temperature is continuously calculated: then - a main step during which the heating continues to try to maintain the maximum heating rate, but during which however the temperature rate is kept constant: then - an approach step during which the heating power is gradually reduced until a predetermined minimum temperature rate is reached or the target temperature is very close to limit the maximum absolute temperatures at the bottom of the article, and reduce the temperature difference between the top face and the bottom face, for each ring; then - an equalizing step during which the heating is stopped, and the measured and estimated temperatures converge to the target temperature until they reach the target temperature.
    [8]
    Method according to claim 7, characterized in that it further comprises the following consecutive steps: - a standby step during which the heating is still stopped and the temperature of the bearing and the temperature change is monitored until an operator stops the session or the bearing has cooled to 10% of its target temperature, and
    no reheat step during which heating is restarted using first full power until a substantial temperature rise is reached, and then using a reduced amount of power until the target temperature is reached again.
    [9]
    A method according to claim 7, characterized in that it further comprises the following consecutive step: - the lower is kept at the target temperature for a certain period of time or until the user stops the heating session. so that during that phase, minimal heating is generated to compensate for the heat loss in the environment.
    [10]
    A method according to any one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that, during heating, more energy is focused towards the center of the object.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CN111954325A|2020-11-17|
    NL2025149B1|2021-09-23|
    DE102019207024A1|2020-11-19|
    US20200367325A1|2020-11-19|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    JP2005307307A|2004-04-23|2005-11-04|Ntn Corp|High frequency heat-treatment apparatus|
    JP2009238375A|2008-03-25|2009-10-15|Mitsui Eng & Shipbuild Co Ltd|Induction heating device|
    EP2728965A1|2008-09-30|2014-05-07|Aktiebolaget SKF|Bearing heater|
    US20180177002A1|2016-12-15|2018-06-21|Aktiebolaget Skf|Induction heating device|
    US20180279421A1|2017-03-27|2018-09-27|Aktiebolaget Skf|Induction heating plate|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102019207024.8A|DE102019207024A1|2019-05-15|2019-05-15|Induction heating device|
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